Contents

1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1

N. Chari and Ponna Srinivas

2

Flight a Retrospect a Brief Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

N. Chari and Ponna Srinivas

3

Aerodynamic Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

Prasad Mukkavilli, N. Chari, A. Shubhananda Rao,

and A. G. Sarwade

4

Flight Morphology and Flight Muscles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

41

N. Chari, A. Ravi, Ponna Srinivas, and A. Uma

5

Types of Textures in Insect Wings and Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57

N. Chari, A. P. Rao, Ponna Srinivas, and N. Girish

6

Theories on Hovering Flight of Insects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77

N. Chari, Prasad Mukkavilli, A. G. Sarwade, and D. Sandhya

7

Moment of Inertia and Mutilation Studies of an Insect Wing . . . . . .

89

N. Chari, Prasad Mukkavilli, A. G. Sarwade, and Kamalakar Pallela

8

Chitinous Membranes and Analogous Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107

N. Chari, Sesha Srinivas Vutukuru, R. Saicharan, and A. Uma

9

Aeroelasticity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121

N. Chari, Prasad Mukkavilli, A. G. Sarwade, and Kamalakar Pallela

10

Insect Migration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133

Ponna Srinivas, Kamalakar Pallela, G. Surender Reddy,

and N. Chari

11

MAV Design Aspects Using MEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

143

Suryanarayana Palleboina and Kamalakar Pallela

ix